{"id":809,"date":"2026-01-21T08:26:14","date_gmt":"2026-01-21T08:26:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/?page_id=809"},"modified":"2026-02-16T16:31:11","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T16:31:11","slug":"black_coral","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/black_coral\/","title":{"rendered":"black_coral"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Connectivit\u00e9 du Corail Noir aux \u00celes Canaries<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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La connectivit\u00e9 correspond \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble des processus permettant aux organismes de maintenir leur r\u00e9silience face aux perturbations environnementales. Elle favorise la fuite vers des habitats plus favorables, la recolonisation des milieux d\u00e9grad\u00e9s ainsi que le brassage g\u00e9n\u00e9tique entre populations. L\u2019\u00e9tude de la connectivit\u00e9 rev\u00eat ainsi une importance particuli\u00e8re dans les contextes de conservation et dans la pr\u00e9diction des impacts des pressions anthropiques. Contrairement aux esp\u00e8ces mobiles telles que les poissons, dont les migrations peuvent s\u2019\u00e9tendre sur l\u2019ensemble du cycle de vie, la dispersion des esp\u00e8ces sessiles est principalement limit\u00e9e \u00e0 leur phase libre, survenant au moment de la reproduction, aux stades gam\u00e9tique ou larvaire. La dispersion larvaire constitue donc un processus essentiel pour assurer la colonisation de nouveaux habitats (Gaines & Bertness, 1992) et r\u00e9duire la comp\u00e9tition entre apparent\u00e9s, am\u00e9liorant ainsi le succ\u00e8s reproducteur (Bueno & Burgess, 2023). Dans ce contexte, comprendre les m\u00e9canismes de connectivit\u00e9 entre populations via la dispersion larvaire appara\u00eet fondamental.<\/p>

Plusieurs approches permettent d\u2019\u00e9tudier la connectivit\u00e9. Elle peut \u00eatre \u00e9valu\u00e9e (1) par l\u2019analyse de la similarit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique entre populations, qui refl\u00e8te les niveaux d\u2019\u00e9changes d\u2019individus (Hedgecock et al., 2007), (2) par la t\u00e9l\u00e9m\u00e9trie, principalement utilis\u00e9e chez les poissons, permettant de suivre les d\u00e9placements d\u2019individus suffisamment grands pour \u00eatre marqu\u00e9s, comme chez le m\u00e9rou brun Epinephelus marginatus<\/em> (Pastor et al., 2009), (3) par des approches g\u00e9ochimiques fond\u00e9es sur l\u2019analyse des structures calcaires des organismes calcifiants, afin de retracer leurs habitats successifs (Thorrold et al., 2007), et enfin (4) par la simulation num\u00e9rique de la dispersion larvaire. Cette derni\u00e8re repose sur la mod\u00e9lisation des courants oc\u00e9aniques pour d\u00e9crire les trajectoires d\u2019organismes de petite taille transport\u00e9s passivement par la circulation marine. \u00c0 cette fin, des mod\u00e8les tridimensionnels de circulation oc\u00e9anique \u00e0 surface libre, bas\u00e9s sur les \u00e9quations primitives et sp\u00e9cifiquement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s pour repr\u00e9senter les processus r\u00e9gionaux \u00e0 m\u00e9so-\u00e9chelle dans des environnements complexes tels que les mers semi-ferm\u00e9es, les plateaux continentaux et les zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res, sont aujourd\u2019hui largement utilis\u00e9s. Le mod\u00e8le SYMPHONIE (sirocco.obs-mip.fr) permet notamment de r\u00e9aliser des simulations \u00e0 haute r\u00e9solution et int\u00e8gre des outils lagrangiens assurant le suivi de particules passives, ce qui en fait un outil particuli\u00e8rement adapt\u00e9 aux \u00e9tudes de connectivit\u00e9.<\/p>

Les coraux noirs (Antipatharia) jouent un r\u00f4le \u00e9cologique majeur en tant qu\u2019habitats structurants pour de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces associ\u00e9es (Wagner et al., 2012). Ils sont \u00e9galement exploit\u00e9s pour des usages culturels et ornementaux, ce qui les rend particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 la surexploitation en raison de leur croissance lente et de leur long\u00e9vit\u00e9 exceptionnelle (Wagner et al., 2012). \u00c0 ce jour, tr\u00e8s peu d\u2019\u00e9tudes se sont int\u00e9ress\u00e9es \u00e0 la connectivit\u00e9 des populations d\u2019Antipatharia aux \u00celes Canaries et \u00e0 Mad\u00e8re. L\u2019objectif de ce stage \u00e9tait de pr\u00e9parer les fichiers de for\u00e7age n\u00e9cessaires au mod\u00e8le SYMPHONIE afin de simuler la dispersion larvaire du corail noir entre les habitats potentiels identifi\u00e9s autour de ces archipels (Fig. 1). Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, il s\u2019agissait de d\u00e9finir les zones de l\u00e2cher des particules, le calendrier de leur \u00e9mission ainsi que la dur\u00e9e de leur dispersion au cours des simulations. Pour ce faire, les habitats potentiels ont \u00e9t\u00e9 extraits \u00e0 partir de bases de donn\u00e9es g\u00e9omorphologiques et d\u2019habitats, tandis que la p\u00e9riode de reproduction et les traits larvaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9termin\u00e9s \u00e0 partir d\u2019une recherche bibliographique approfondie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Repr\u00e9sentation de l\u2019habitat rocheux de Antipatharia selon les diff\u00e9rentes gammes de profondeurs et selon chaque \u00eele.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Connectivit\u00e9 du Corail Noir aux \u00celes Canaries La connectivit\u00e9 correspond \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble des processus permettant aux organismes de maintenir leur r\u00e9silience face aux perturbations environnementales. Elle favorise la fuite vers des habitats plus favorables, la recolonisation des milieux d\u00e9grad\u00e9s ainsi que le brassage g\u00e9n\u00e9tique entre populations. L\u2019\u00e9tude de la connectivit\u00e9 rev\u00eat ainsi une importance particuli\u00e8re […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-809","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=809"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/809\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":926,"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/809\/revisions\/926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}