{"id":869,"date":"2026-01-25T15:21:30","date_gmt":"2026-01-25T15:21:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/?page_id=869"},"modified":"2026-01-25T19:53:09","modified_gmt":"2026-01-25T19:53:09","slug":"mpa_bergeggi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/mpa_bergeggi\/","title":{"rendered":"mpa_bergeggi"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Analyse de l'effet r\u00e9serve, Isola di Bergeggi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Les aires marines prot\u00e9g\u00e9es (AMP) sont largement reconnues comme des outils efficaces pour accro\u00eetre la biomasse et la biodiversit\u00e9 des poissons, mais leurs trajectoires \u00e9cologiques \u00e0 long terme demeurent encore mal comprises. La plupart des \u00e9valuations reposent sur des comparaisons spatiales statiques entre zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es et non prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, en supposant implicitement que les effets de la protection sont stables dans le temps. Or, si les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices de la protection \u00e9voluent au cours du temps, ces approches risquent de ne pas d\u00e9tecter des dynamiques d\u2019\u00e9rosion pr\u00e9coce pourtant cruciales pour une gestion adaptative.<\/p>

Nous avons analys\u00e9 11 ann\u00e9es de donn\u00e9es (2013\u20132024) sur les assemblages de poissons de l\u2019aire marine prot\u00e9g\u00e9e de l\u2019Isola di Bergeggi (M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e nord-occidentale), couvrant un gradient d\u2019intensit\u00e9 de protection allant des zones de non-pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement aux zones de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence externes. \u00c0 partir de donn\u00e9es de recensement visuel sous-marin, nous avons combin\u00e9 des m\u00e9thodes d\u2019ordination multivari\u00e9e avec des mod\u00e8les mixtes et une partition hi\u00e9rarchique de la variance afin de dissocier les contributions relatives de la protection spatiale, de la variabilit\u00e9 temporelle et de leur interaction sur la biomasse, la richesse sp\u00e9cifique et la diversit\u00e9 effective.<\/p>

Les assemblages de poissons \u00e9taient fortement structur\u00e9s selon le gradient de protection. La biomasse et la richesse sp\u00e9cifique \u00e9taient syst\u00e9matiquement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es dans les zones de non-pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement, tandis que la diversit\u00e9 effective pr\u00e9sentait peu de diff\u00e9renciation spatiale. Le niveau de protection expliquait une part de la variabilit\u00e9 de la biomasse quatre fois sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle attribuable aux variations interannuelles, confirmant la protection spatiale comme facteur dominant. Toutefois, une interaction significative Zone \u00d7 P\u00e9riode a mis en \u00e9vidence une \u00e9rosion progressive des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices en biomasse : l\u2019avantage des zones de non-pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement par rapport aux zones externes a diminu\u00e9 de 57 % en 11 ans, bien qu\u2019il demeure positif.<\/p>

\u00c0 l\u2019inverse, la hi\u00e9rarchie spatiale de la richesse sp\u00e9cifique est rest\u00e9e stable au cours du temps, et la diversit\u00e9 effective s\u2019est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e largement insensible au niveau de protection. Ces r\u00e9sultats montrent que les effets des AMP doivent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des trajectoires dynamiques plut\u00f4t que comme des \u00e9tats statiques. En quantifiant explicitement les sources de variance et les interactions spatio-temporelles, notre approche met en \u00e9vidence des patrons invisibles aux analyses ponctuelles ou purement additives et fournit des indicateurs fond\u00e9s sur les trajectoires pour soutenir une gestion adaptative des AMP.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Analyse de l’effet r\u00e9serve, Isola di Bergeggi Les aires marines prot\u00e9g\u00e9es (AMP) sont largement reconnues comme des outils efficaces pour accro\u00eetre la biomasse et la biodiversit\u00e9 des poissons, mais leurs trajectoires \u00e9cologiques \u00e0 long terme demeurent encore mal comprises. La plupart des \u00e9valuations reposent sur des comparaisons spatiales statiques entre zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es et non prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-869","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/869","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=869"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/869\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":895,"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/869\/revisions\/895"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}