{"id":896,"date":"2026-01-25T19:59:53","date_gmt":"2026-01-25T19:59:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/?page_id=896"},"modified":"2026-01-25T20:19:42","modified_gmt":"2026-01-25T20:19:42","slug":"corallium_rubrum","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/corallium_rubrum\/","title":{"rendered":"corallium_rubrum"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Le Corail Rouge de M\u00e9dit\u00e9rann\u00e9e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Le corallig\u00e8ne est l\u2019un des habitats biog\u00e9niques les plus embl\u00e9matiques de M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e : une construction calcaire domin\u00e9e par les algues corallinac\u00e9es et une diversit\u00e9 d\u2019invert\u00e9br\u00e9s sessiles, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e sous faible \u00e9clairement (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement au-del\u00e0 de la zone infralittorale, sur parois, surplombs et fonds rocheux). Il se distingue par une h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 spatiale et une complexit\u00e9 tridimensionnelle \u00e9lev\u00e9es, qui cr\u00e9ent une multitude de micro-habitats et soutiennent une biodiversit\u00e9 remarquable \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle r\u00e9gionale, en faisant un v\u00e9ritable \u201chotspot\u201d benthique (Ballesteros, 2006). Sur le plan fonctionnel, ces communaut\u00e9s sont souvent domin\u00e9es par des suspensivores (cnidaires, bryozoaires, \u00e9ponges\u2026) dont l\u2019abondance contribue au couplage benthos\u2013p\u00e9lagos via la capture de particules et le transfert d\u2019\u00e9nergie, avec des effets potentiels sur la production secondaire et la structuration des r\u00e9seaux trophiques littoraux (Gili & Coma, 1998). Par sa nature bioconstruite, le corallig\u00e8ne repr\u00e9sente aussi un compartiment cl\u00e9 de la fabrique de carbonate et un habitat sensible aux perturbations (ancrage, p\u00eache, r\u00e9chauffement), dont la d\u00e9gradation implique souvent une perte durable de complexit\u00e9 et de biodiversit\u00e9 (Ballesteros, 2006).\u00a0<\/p>

Au sein de cet habitat, le corail rouge (Corallium rubrum<\/i>) joue un r\u00f4le particulier car il participe \u00e0 la stratification \u201carborescente\u201d du corallig\u00e8ne : ses colonies ramifi\u00e9es augmentent la rugosit\u00e9 et l\u2019encombrement, fournissent des refuges et des surfaces d\u2019installation, et renforcent ainsi la complexit\u00e9 d\u2019habitat qui conditionne l\u2019abondance et la diversit\u00e9 d\u2019organismes associ\u00e9s. Son importance est accentu\u00e9e par ses traits d\u2019histoire de vie : esp\u00e8ce long\u00e9vive, \u00e0 croissance lente et \u00e0 dynamiques de recrutement variables, ce qui implique une faible r\u00e9silience et des temps de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration longs apr\u00e8s perturbation ou exploitation (Garrabou & Harmelin, 2002 ; Bramanti et al., 2005). De plus, comme d\u2019autres gorgones et organismes structurants du corallig\u00e8ne, C. rubrum<\/i> et les communaut\u00e9s qui l\u2019h\u00e9bergent peuvent \u00eatre affect\u00e9s par les vagues de chaleur marines, responsables d\u2019\u00e9pisodes de mortalit\u00e9s massives \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle r\u00e9gionale, ce qui renforce son int\u00e9r\u00eat comme esp\u00e8ce cl\u00e9 et indicatrice de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des habitats m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ens (Garrabou et al., 2009 ; Garrabou et al., 2022).<\/p>

La tranche bathym\u00e9trique 15\u201330 m repr\u00e9sente une zone cl\u00e9 pour la conservation du corail rouge (Corallium rubrum<\/i>), car elle se situe \u00e0 l\u2019interface entre les peuplements peu profonds fortement anthropis\u00e9s et les peuplements plus profonds partiellement prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9. Dans cette gamme de profondeur, le corail rouge peut former des assemblages encore fonctionnels, contribuant activement \u00e0 la complexit\u00e9 structurale du corallig\u00e8ne, tout en \u00e9tant expos\u00e9 simultan\u00e9ment \u00e0 des pressions multiples : plong\u00e9e r\u00e9cr\u00e9ative, p\u00eache professionnelle et r\u00e9chauffement des eaux de surface (Garrabou & Harmelin, 2002 ; Garrabou et al., 2009). Plusieurs \u00e9tudes montrent que les populations situ\u00e9es au-dessus de ~30\u201340 m concentrent une part importante des mortalit\u00e9s li\u00e9es aux vagues de chaleur, mais aussi des alt\u00e9rations subl\u00e9tales (r\u00e9duction de croissance, n\u00e9croses partielles) susceptibles de compromettre \u00e0 moyen terme leur r\u00f4le d\u2019esp\u00e8ce ing\u00e9nieure (Bramanti et al., 2013 ; Torrents et al., 2008). Par ailleurs, cette tranche bathym\u00e9trique correspond souvent \u00e0 une zone de transition d\u00e9mographique, o\u00f9 coexistent colonies anciennes et recrues, ce qui en fait un compartiment critique pour la dynamique et la r\u00e9silience des populations locales (Bramanti et al., 2005). Enfin, les travaux en g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et connectivit\u00e9 indiquent une faible connectivit\u00e9 verticale entre populations peu profondes et profondes, sugg\u00e9rant que les peuplements de 15\u201330 m ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas n\u00e9cessairement d\u2019un \u201ceffet refuge\u201d profond et doivent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des unit\u00e9s de gestion \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re (Costantini et al., 2013). Dans ce contexte, mener des analyses cibl\u00e9es dans cette zone appara\u00eet essentiel pour \u00e9valuer l\u2019\u00e9tat \u00e9cologique r\u00e9el des peuplements, identifier d\u2019\u00e9ventuels signaux pr\u00e9coces de d\u00e9gradation, et fournir une base scientifique solide \u00e0 une d\u00e9cision de protection ou de renforcement des mesures de gestion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Ballesteros, E. (2006). Mediterranean coralligenous assemblages: A synthesis of present knowledge. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review<\/i>, 44<\/b>, 123\u2013195.<\/p>

Bramanti, L., Magagnini, G., De Maio, L., & Santangelo, G. (2005). Recruitment, early survival and growth of the Mediterranean red coral Corallium rubrum<\/i> (L.). Coral Reefs<\/i>, 24<\/b>, 587\u2013591.
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00338-005-0059-9<\/p>

Bramanti, L., Vielmini, I., Rossi, S., et al. (2013). Demographic parameters of two populations of red coral (Corallium rubrum<\/i> L. 1758) in relation to depth. Marine Biology<\/i>, 160<\/b>, 115\u2013129.
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00227-012-2063-1<\/p>

Costantini, F., Fauvelot, C., Abbiati, M., & Foissner, I. (2013). Genetic structuring of the Mediterranean red coral (Corallium rubrum<\/i>) across depth gradients. PLoS ONE<\/i>, 8<\/b>(3), e56733.
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0056733<\/p>

Garrabou, J., & Harmelin, J.-G. (2002). A 20-year study on life-history traits of a harvested long-lived temperate coral (Corallium rubrum<\/i> L.). Marine Biology<\/i>, 141<\/b>, 1017\u20131029.
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00227-002-0909-4<\/p>

Garrabou, J., Coma, R., Bensoussan, N., et al. (2009). Mass mortality in Northwestern Mediterranean rocky benthic communities: Effects of the 2003 heat wave. Global Change Biology<\/i>, 15<\/b>, 1090\u20131103.
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2008.01823.x<\/p>

Garrabou, J., G\u00f3mez-Gras, D., Medrano, A., et al. (2022). Marine heatwaves drive recurrent mass mortalities in Mediterranean benthic communities. Global Change Biology<\/i>, 28<\/b>, 5708\u20135725.
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.16302<\/p>

Gili, J.-M., & Coma, R. (1998). Benthic suspension feeders: Their paramount role in littoral marine food webs. Trends in Ecology & Evolution<\/i>, 13<\/b>, 316\u2013321.
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0169-5347(98)01365-2<\/p>

Torrents, O., Tambutt\u00e9, E., Caminiti, N., & Garrabou, J. (2008). Upper thermal thresholds of shallow versus deep populations of the precious red coral Corallium rubrum<\/i>. Marine Biology<\/i>, 154<\/b>, 169\u2013178.
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00227-008-0913-8<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Corail Rouge de M\u00e9dit\u00e9rann\u00e9e Le corallig\u00e8ne est l\u2019un des habitats biog\u00e9niques les plus embl\u00e9matiques de M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e : une construction calcaire domin\u00e9e par les algues corallinac\u00e9es et une diversit\u00e9 d\u2019invert\u00e9br\u00e9s sessiles, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e sous faible \u00e9clairement (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement au-del\u00e0 de la zone infralittorale, sur parois, surplombs et fonds rocheux). Il se distingue par une h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 spatiale et […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-896","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/896","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=896"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/896\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":903,"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/896\/revisions\/903"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sci-aquaviva.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}